Non-surgical spinal decompression therapy is a treatment method used to relieve pressure on spinal discs — says Dr Michael Elliott, DC, particularly in cases like spinal disc herniation. One of the core principles of this therapy is the creation of negative intradiscal pressure, which can help the herniated disc material retract and promote healing.
Here’s a clear breakdown of how it works and the science behind the negative pressure concept:
What Is Spinal Disc Herniation?
A spinal disc herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus (gel-like inner core of the disc) pushes through a tear or weak spot in the annulus fibrosus (tough outer layer). This can compress spinal nerves and cause:
- Back or neck pain
- Radiating pain (sciatica)
- Numbness or weakness in limbs
What Is Non-Surgical Spinal Decompression?
Non-surgical spinal decompression is a motorized traction therapy that gently stretches the spine using a specialized table controlled by a computer. At Elliott Chiropractic we use the best quality spinal decompression Machine called the HillDt non-surgical spinal decompression. It’s designed to:
- Reduce pressure on spinal discs and nerves
- Promote rehydration and nutrient flow to discs
- Encourage the retraction of herniated or bulging disc material
Negative Pressure Explained
The “negative pressure” referred to during spinal decompression therapy means a lower pressure environment within the disc space compared to surrounding areas.
Mechanism:
- Distraction Phase: The spine is gently pulled apart in a controlled manner.
- Pressure Reduction: This decreases intradiscal pressure — research suggests this can go from positive pressure (~100 mmHg) to as low as -100 to -150 mmHg.
- Vacuum Effect: The negative pressure may:
- Pull bulging or herniated disc material back toward the center of the disc
- Draw fluids, nutrients, and oxygen into the disc, promoting healing
Supporting Evidence (Summarized)
- Ramos & Martin (1994): Demonstrated intradiscal pressure reduction during decompression therapy using pressure sensors.
- Shealy et al. (1997): Found that 86% of patients had symptom relief, and imaging showed disc material retraction in some cases.
- Mixed Quality: While some studies show benefits, high-quality randomized trials are still limited. More robust evidence is needed.